作者：刘为民1，董旻昱2，许诗语3，陈创奇3

Authors: Liu Weimin1, Dong Minyu2, Xu Shiyu3, Chen Chuangqi3

Unit:  1. General Surgery, the Second People's Hospital of Qingyuan (Qingxin District People's Hospital), Qingyuan 511500, Guangdong, China；2. Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China；3. Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China

摘要：

肛管癌是一种少见的恶性肿瘤，约占所有消化道恶性肿瘤的2%。肛管癌中最为常见的病理类型为鳞状细胞癌，近年来肛管鳞状细胞癌发病率在逐渐增加。人乳头瘤病毒感染和免疫抑制是肛管癌的主要危险因素。过去的几十年中，肛管癌的治疗取得了一定的进展，放化疗依然是大多数早期肛管癌患者治疗的主要方式。对于放化疗后肛管癌病灶复发或病灶仍然存在的患者可行挽救性手术。最新研究显示采用化疗加上免疫治疗能够改善进展期肛管癌患者的预后。本文全面回顾肛管癌的诊治现状，同时深入探讨肛管癌诊治的困境与未来。

关键词： 肛管癌；鳞状细胞癌；诊断；化疗；放疗；手术

Abstract：

Among anal cancer, squamous cell cancer is the most common malignancy. The incidence of anal squamous cell cancer has been increasing recently. Human papillomavirus infection and immunosuppression are major risk factors for anal cancer. The management of anal cancer has evolved over the past several decades and continues to do so. Chemoradiation therapy remains the mainstay for treatment for most patients with early-stage disease, whereas systemic therapy is the primary treatment for patients with metastatic disease. Patients with persistent disease or recurrence following chemoradiation therapy are treated with salvage surgery. The latest research shows that using chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy can improve the prognosis of patients with advanced anal cancer. This article systematically reviews the current status of diagnosis and treatment of anal canal cancer, and discusses the current difficulties and future development of anal canal cancer treatment.

Key Words:  Anal cancer; Squamous cell anal cancer; Diagnosis; Chemotherapy; Radiation; Surgery

注：网络优先发布