引用文本：耿萱, 雷圆圆, 刘心娟. 基于液体活检的新型生物学标志物对早期胃癌的诊断价值与研究进展[J/CD]. 消化肿瘤杂志（电子版）, 2025, 17(2):227-236.

作者：耿萱，雷圆圆，刘心娟

单位：首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院 消化内科，北京 100020

Authors：Geng Xuan, Lei Yuanyuan, Liu Xinjuan

Unit：Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China

摘要：

胃癌作为一种常见的恶性肿瘤，其发病率与死亡率一直处于较高水平，且由于早期缺乏典型症状，很多患者一经发现便处于疾病晚期，失去了最佳治疗机会，因此胃癌的早期诊断至关重要。目前，胃癌的早期诊断主要依赖内镜检查，它能够在直视下观察胃部病变并通过活检进行病理学诊断。然而，内镜检查并非完美的筛查工具，其高成本、侵入性操作以及对于患者的依从性要求高等限制了其在大规模筛查和早期诊断中的普及和应用。随着分子诊断学的发展，越来越多与胃癌发生发展相关的生物标志物被发现，为早期诊断提供了新思路。本文综述了基于液体活检的各种新型生物学标志物在早期胃癌诊断中的研究进展，并讨论其在提升诊断敏感度及大规模筛查中应用的潜力。未来通过多组学与技术创新有望进一步优化标志物检测体系，对胃癌患者的早期精准诊疗、远期预后的改善有着重要作用。

关键词：早期胃癌；生物学标志物；液体活检

Abstract：

Gastric cancer, as a prevalent malignant neoplasm, has consistently exhibited high incidence and mortality rates. Due to the lack of typical symptoms in its early stages, many patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease, thereby missing the optimal window for treatment. Consequently, the early diagnosis of gastric cancer is very important. Presently, the primary modality for early detection of gastric cancer relies on endoscopic examination, which allows for direct visualization of gastric lesions and facilitates pathological diagnosis through biopsy. Nonetheless, endoscopy is not an infallible screening instrument, its high cost, invasive nature, and the necessity for patient compliances curtail its widespread adoption and application in mass screening and early diagnosis. With the advent of molecular diagnostics, an increasing number of biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis and progression of gastric cancer have been identified, offering novel perspectives for its early detection. This review summarizes recent research advancements in novel biological biomarkers based on liquid biopsy for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer, and discussing their potential to enhance diagnostic sensitivity and potential in large-scale screening. Future advancements integrating multi-omics approaches and technological innovations are expected to further optimize biomarker detection systems, which hold significant importance for achieving precision diagnosis in early gastric cancer and improving long-term prognosis.

Key words：Early gastric cancer; Biomarkers; Liquid biopsy

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